Yes, the delta encoding scheme you described (and other fancy coding schemes such as bitpacking, varints, RLE or a combination thereof) are frequently employed in columnar storage formats and databases. Columnar storage is basically a generalization that allows one to apply these optimizations to all kinds of data (not just timeseries). One popular open-source implementation of columnar storage that I am not affiliated with is https://parquet.apache.org/.

(On the other hand, columnar storage also has a bunch of tradeoffs/downsides so it's not a superior choice for every db product.)

My point about no "superior compression technology here" was specific to the linked benchmark. I.e. the lack of this potential optimization in cassandra does not appear to be the reason for the space blowup in the benchmark, but rather that they're duplicating the series ID for each sample.