For more information about the language, why it is designed the way it is, why it is fast, and what applications it can be used for, see the talk I gave at Microsoft Research last Friday: https://youtu.be/raPkxhHy5ro?t=40m32s
I'm actually working with some people at Adobe this summer to add Local-Global Solvers for ARAP energies (an optimization code) to the set of applications we provide there. We also have an implementation of PageRank.
You're absolutely right that we could have provided all the functionality as C++ classes instead of compiling Simit programs through the Simit C++ API, and we might at some point. The reason why we didn't do this is that the language is complex enough that we felt it would be less user friendly. I definitely tried to design it as a library without a parser.
Compare to GSLS; the shading language is unnecessary if you only want to use a handful of pre-made shaders, but usually that is not case.