There are 1. "I get it to compile" programmers, 2. "I get it to work" programmers, and 3. "I make it great" programmers. A solid computer science foundation, knowledge of the literature, and experience can (but not necessarily will) get you from 2 to 3. Sadly, I've encountered quite a few professional programmers, complete with CS degrees, who year after year barely scrape by at 1, so it's not a given.