Lol. Most real frontier level r and d is funded by the gov with tax money, especially the not for profit r and d focused on energy and health sectors. The only r and d the tech cos you named do is targeted to make profit for themselves which is why they pay taxes. I agree that a lot of tax money is wasted but some of it is used for critical research.
When facebook starts a non profit division researching better nuclear storage containers and cancer treatments then, maybe that division shouldnt be taxed. I mean these are essentially advertising based businesses, so that's not really pushing the frontiers of human knowledge in a uniformly positive direction.
No one earns anything in a vacuum. Money doesn't exist without society. Taxes reflect that.
I live in France, my employer pays my raw salary in taxes, and approximately 30% of this raw salary that I get is paid in taxes too. And I am happy to pay those because it contributes to a system that gives me and everyone free healthcare, unemployment benefits if needed as well as many other things. If you're unhappy with the 40% you pay to your government, ask to fix inefficiencies, not to stop paying them.
It's a 401k in the US. It's a tax deferment, not a tax break. If your effective rate went from 35% to 25% due to your 401k contribution, you still end up paying 35%, just not right now.
But if you put a lot in, the fact you HAVE to start taking money out at a certain again AND it all gets taxed before you die means you pretty much end up paying the taxes anyways (or more if rates have gone up).
A lot of them even have no idea that they will be taxed anyways when they withdraw.
May be American politicians should stop the war on drugs, wars in far off countries and medicare and reduce tax levels to 20%.
Facebook, Google, Apple and push the frontiers of human knowledge at rapid rate if they can spend that money themselves. In case of government it will be used to by some junk airforce planes that dont fly.