Whatever they are, they're either similar to algorithms that some human has used previously, or the employ mathematical ideas that others would have named and understood. So you could explain it by saying it's like X but with Y modifications.
Right. But in practice here I have to expect, from the rest the author wrote, that what he meant was one of supervised learning, unsupervised learning, machine learning, convolutional neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision, etc.
What if the algorithms are original from, say, new theorems and proofs in applied math, so far have no names, and, really, are not related to well known AI algorithms at all?