The OP is about the authors research into the BPs as a means to reason about cognition. Originated by the russian scientist in 1967 and used and expanded by D. Hofstaedter in GEB. Here's [1] an index to all the BPs till now, and here's [2] the authors ideas on cognition which were developed in his research. Interesting that the research was abandoned [3] earlier based on ethical concerns of the possible misuse of AI. There is also a programmatic implementation of a BP solver.

[Edit]* this comment was not posted for a while, there is already another one with similar and more details now.

[1] http://www.foundalis.com/res/bps/bpidx.htm

[2] http://www.foundalis.com/res/poc/PrinciplesOfCognition.htm

[3] http://www.foundalis.com/soc/why_no_more_Bongard.html