My take is that, at certain scale, the biggest problem is getting all the people to pull in the same direction. Technical leadership can define /how/ to pull, which can have a 10x multiplier if correctly implemented in the organization, but that implementation is a number of battles with messy human wills, which require psychology, not technology. As a CTO you may be able to hire directors who are good people pushers, to delegate most of that, or even perhaps a VP Eng if your company is big enough.