This won't work really the towers have to be fixed making a call while moving shifts the phase of your signal and for a good while this was a big problem for early phones (calls out cut out while driving or in a train because of the speed not the "reception").

Movement is not the only thing that can cause a Doppler shift, echos, and multi-path propagation are also a pain to deal with but for the movement part phones pretty damn early started having accelerometers (way before they were used for cool stuff) in them as well as much better Doppler estimation processing at both the towers and in your phone.

At 150knots (relative speed, this will depend on the altitude and heading of the aircraft in relation to the cellphone) a 1.9ghz signal will have a Doppler shift of about 500hz which is more than enough to induce blocking of pretty much any cell network. Radiophones that allow air to ground communication to exist but they are designed for this purpose and implement quite aggressive Doppler correction which is also usually only possible when they have the flight data and they know more or less the altitude, heading, and speed of the aircraft based on the flight plan and real time flight data and can adjust the Doppler correction in real time, as without it it won't work.

P.S. Blimps would probably work.