Well, this assumes one particular type of development! I would not choose a Chromebook to develop, say, Chrome!
I tried Crouton a few years ago, wanting to run xbmc. Audio didn't work, because it required a newer version of the Linux kernel. It turns out you can't just install a stock Linux kernel: you have to use a patched device-specific kernel that Google provides, and for my device, the Google-provided kernel was too old. Perhaps I could have built some frankenkernel, but instead I gave up and got a real Linux box.
I would not try to use Crouton again for a general Linux box, because you become dependent on Google for updating core software.
My "special needs" was running popular and well known Linux software. Many people in this thread have said that running Crouton on a Chromebook is just like having Ubuntu or Debian. But this is not so:
1. Google does not reliably update core software
2. It's harder to get help when things go wrong, because the system is sufficiently different from an ordinary Linux box
For those reasons, if you want to run Linux software, it's better to use a familiar Linux distribution, and not ChromeOS.