Exactly. Many of those organizations were slower to innovate due to low margins or high cost. Yet, they still did innovations periodically with significant to huge impact. I like focusing on low-margin firms as they provide a nice minimum of what I think is achievable in others.

German hard-discounter Aldi is taking over the Australian retail market very slowly. They have vowed to `suck the profitability out of retail'.

They bring in long-established practices from Germany, and force the Australian retail oligopoly to wake up.

Aldi and Lidl are doing the same thing to the British retail market as well. They are already forcing the other retailers to `simplify their pricing'; ie get rid of confusing multi-buy offers. (British supermarkets used to double a price one week to offer Buy-Two-For-One the week after.)

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/feb/11/sainsburys-...

> Aldi said: “In our view, complicated promotions, multibuy offers and price matching schemes are confusing, are not transparent and do not serve the best interests of consumers. We focus on providing quality products at transparent everyday low prices that consumers can easily understand.”

They keep talking about perpetual price wars between supermarkets in the UK, but it was a pretty cozy place for the incumbents before the Germans showed up.