If I remember correctly GFS has a coordinator node in the critical path, much like the name node in HDFS, which impacts availability if it goes down. The nice thing about the Master in MP is that it's completely disjoint from the data-plane and not a critical component in the system.
Your assessment is pretty accurate, and the cross-zone replication component is one distinguishing characteristic. MP also makes heavy use of highly-efficient erasure coding as a first-class design element, which wasn't included in the original implementation of GFS but was added later.
The biggest difference from an API perspective is that MP is only a blob store whereas GFS is an actual filesystem (we implement the filesystem at a higher abstraction layer). From what I understand MP is closer in spirit to the underpinnings of Colossus than GFS.
a) a huge number of smallish files, accessed by a large number of clients
b) file writes, rather than appends
c) cross-cell, cross-zone replication
Is this impression correct, or am I missing other major design differences?