SEH was there before C++ was fully standardized (first standardized version was C++98). In this sense one can argue that the definition of RAII is leaky since it "forgot" that SEH was already there and not the other way round. A proper solution would have been that functions where RAII is used must not call functions that can throw an SEH exception.

All kinds of functions can throw SEH exceptions, because they're machine check exceptions (divide by zero, reference invalid page/null pointer).

I went and looked this up to refresh my memory: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/swezty51.aspx

Microsoft recommend you don't mix the use of SEH exceptions with C++, or that you use the flag which turns SEH into C++ exceptions (and therefore calls destructors). In our case we didn't want to do that, because we're doing our own crash reporting and all we want is to log a backtrace while exiting the program, and do not want to call destructors which may themselves crash because the program is in an invalid state.

To me this all looks like stuff that is undefined behavior in C++, so a C++ program for which such a problem occurs is by definition invalid. In other words: You have a large problem in your code.

Like I said: it's crash logging code, to be used for detecting problems in the code. Undefined behaviour is not invalid: if C++ compilers rejected all UB it would be considerably easier to ship (harder to write!) reliable programs.

No: The C++ standard requires from programmer that it will not trigger UB. This is a kind of contract between the programmer and the compiler.

The compiler vendor is free to extend the standard and define UB.

C++ exception handling is implemented using SEH (so is CLR's IIRC, and Chakra's). SEH is implemented by the OS and is available to non-C++ code too (including C).