So why bother closing a tab when I can just switch out of the group when I'm doing something else? Another group does mail and google docs, another group does 'Atlassian stuff' (ticketing + wiki), another does build and CI, so on and so forth.
The only problem with this approach is memory consumption, because the modern web developer includes approximately 3/5ths of the entire internet on every page, and I 'only' have 8GB on my machine (non-expandable). Performance is fine for a while, but eventually (a couple of weeks) it starts to grind. Restarting FF at this point doesn't autoload the tabs, so it gives you a fresh slate, effectively.
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/tab-groups-pa...
I use Chrome's profile feature, to have separate Google accounts signed in.
And my tabs tend to be in "clusters". E.g. I'll have one cluster (5-10 tabs) where I'm doing research on IPv6, another where I'll have a cluster on some JS, another on say, Python list performance etc.
I remember where each cluster is, and even some of the tabs within each cluster - so I just page quickly to that cluster if I know I need to retrieve that info.
Also, I tend to not be that disciplined when bookmarking or filing stuff - so there's that as well.
I'm still yet to find a good lightweight note-taking system - Confluence as a wiki isn't bad, but is still quite heavyweight.
There are probably more efficient workflows, but this one works fairly well for me.
Much of the time they are effectively a queue of things to review/skim/familiarize myself with while I'm authoring some code or a design doc. The ones with different favicons tend to be things like bugs where I owe an update, so I scan through them regularly (I'm extremely forgetful when it comes to lists of things to do).
Honestly I know how tree-style management would go for me: I'd group a bunch of things together in a tree and forget about them, largely defeating the purpose of having kept the tab open for me.
I typically have somewhere between 200 and 400 tabs open, and I work on a wimpy little 11" MacBook Air. The vast majority of those tabs are heavy things like Google Docs. Chrome seems to barely notice.