Some cities in the Netherland does it like this. There's high speed ring roads around the city, but in the city it's a maze of one way streets and dead ends. Basically, if you are in the city and want to drive to another part of the city you have to drive out on to the ring road and in again from another angle. Pedestrians, bicyclists and public transport can move freely inside the city.

This discourages driving within city limits, and encourages bicycling, walking and public transport.