Spamhaus is one list. There are hundreds. (See http://www.dnsbl.info/dnsbl-list.php for starters) Some are nearly impossible to get off of.
Been there, done that, didn't work. We don't even know why GMail was black-holing our mails, but we did everything on their suggested list for getting out of the world-o-pain and still often our mails were landing in the spam folder, hence the switch to SendGrid.
1. Set up reverse DNS for your IP address
2. Publish an SPF record
3. Check the Spamhaus lists http://www.spamhaus.org/query/bl?ip=1.2.3.4 and request removal if your IP address is on them.
As an addendum to grandparent: extremely comprehensive guide to postfix + dovecot here: http://workaround.org/ispmail