First of all, they rolled their own epoll-based server for the whole chat system.
Then, instead of using a 'sane' comet/long-poll implementation based on JSONP (to avoid limitations of same-domain requests), it seems that they used a scheme where the chat nodes have a fake subdomain like 'http://N.subdomain.facebook.com/.... I don't know how efficient this is supposed to be, but I haven't seen that too often.
Of course, it's wholly possible their Erlang implementation of the chat system is the reason why it fails. Personally, I have never had much trouble with their chat, although I haven't used it much either.
Their solution seems to work well, anyway.
In any case, they don't solve the same problem. Jsonp solves the problem of talking to another domain (PostMessage does the same thing). Channels solve the problem of the browser limiting the number of concurrent HTTP requests you can have open to one domain.