> He then disassembled the firmware, which looked quite a bit different than disassemblies of normal code. It looked somewhat like electronic schematics had been turned into code, rather than spaghetti-like output from other kinds of programs, he said.

The actual logic diagrams and definitions of this data for Bosch ECUs (sans the emissions cheat, obviously) can be found in the "Funktionsrahmen," leaked but easily available from many VW tuning forums online. It's quite fascinating and worth a look for anyone interested in how modern ECUs work (it's a far cry from the oldschool "fuel table" style of engine management).