It is simple Machiavellian protectionism applied at rapid pace. Back in the day it was done within the purposely obscure UNIX environment (not just anyone can be sysadmin!) and now its being re-applied to web environment.
And you're still missing the point. All these tools do different things (or rather, several different overlapping groups of things - build/compilation, static analysis, etc). C doesn't need to be linted. It doesn't need sophisticated memory profiling. Your code will compile without lint or valgrind. Yet these things might help. Both C and JS are full of opportunities for wanton self injury.
Nobody would pretend that the tooling landscape in JS is perfect - but surely this is just a side effect of a lot of very basic language affordances (modules, etc) being missing from the core language, given that it was designed in a hurry without a huge amount of ambition behind it. Very well, we're stuck with it, and get along as best we can.
Your comment is a bit like sarcastically asking "what do we build C projects with these days? Make? Lint? Valgrind?"