The choice "raised or underground highways, take your pick" is a false dichotomy. The correct choice for urban health is to not build the highway in the first place, or to remove intra-city highways. The trouble is that once they are built the demand for their use becomes self-perpetuating.

Compare San Francisco and Oakland - SF stopped the building of cross-town freeways in the famous "freeway revolt." Oakland was bi-sected by freeways which destroyed neighborhoods, many of which have still not recovered. The worst is the CA-24/I-980 connector.