That said, I'm completely the opposite when it comes to the command line. I think colour coding can add a lot (ls for example) but it has to be light-on-dark or not at all. Funny how that works.
It's ... meta-syntactic-highlighting for your entire desktop! Different types of windows are colored differently, just like different kinds of identifiers in one window.
I believe that the color scheme is crucially important; it's a form of ergonomics. Bad colors will lead to fatigue.
Certain choices are obviously bad, like hues that make comments or other elements almost impossible to read; insufficient contrasts and so on.
By the way, something is wrong: my Vim isn't responding to ":set background=light" (or dark). The colors change, but not the background.