> but it can't be the real reason
Can't? Ontop of the above-listed aspects it is entirely possible that there is a bias that both sexes find female appearance somewhat more aesthetically pleasing.
Similar to how focus group testing for computer voices tends to result in female voices being chosen (at least that's what I often hear, couldn't find a solid source).
Even if the bias is small the correlated factors would amplify it when you're optimizing for a maximum, i.e. for the top selection.
Discussion about this with the author reveals that I was misinterpreting how they were collecting averages. I was assuming the "like" count was coming from each photo collected, but instead they collected the photos and average likes in individual steps, where the average likes were across recent posts by that user, rather then the selfies by that user.
"Now it is time to decide which ones of those selfies are good or bad. Intuitively, we want to calculate a proxy for how many people have seen the selfie, and then look at the number of likes as a function of the audience size. I took all the users and sorted them by their number of followers. I gave a small bonus for each additional tag on the image, assuming that extra tags bring more eyes. Then I marched down this sorted list in groups of 100, and sorted those 100 selfies based on their number of likes. I only used selfies that were online for more than a month to ensure a near-stable like count. I took the top 50 selfies and assigned them as positive selfies, and I took the bottom 50 and assigned those to negatives. We therefore end up with a binary split of the data into two halves, where we tried to normalize by the number of people who have probably seen each selfie. In this process I also filtered people with too few followers or too many followers, and also people who used too many tags on the image."
I personally prefer the Alex voice from Mac OS to female voices. It has nice intonation. If only I could make it correct some of the mistakes it makes, for example not being able to distinguish "read" in past tense from "read" in present tense which makes it sound silly. Another error it makes is confusing "live" as in "live concert" with "live" as in "live in USA" (they are called heteronyms and are a special case in TTS).
So best pictures might rise further above baseline for that person. That is, top picture gets 1000 likes, but most pictures get zero. Sort of like Zipfian distribution of words.
Anyway, these things are actually really hard to control for particularly because different types of friends/people have different effects on the likes. Now add to this cultural differences between countries/states/universities/rural-urban, etc.
I think the best method that is actually practical was the one okcupid did at some point with "my best face" where you rate a bunch of people's pictures and they rate yours. Then you figure out what pictures are good from the data.
If they kept the data for all these contests, it would be much easier to interpret in aggregate.
This sounds true, but it can't be the real reason—selfies are ranked relative to the other images by the same user. So unless users are taking a lot of #selfies of people of different genders, we can assume the dataset is already controlled for the gender of the person in the image, no? Unless there's some confounding factor at play, such as some demographic segment being more likely to optimize for good selfies occasionally but have boring feeds the rest of the time.
would be super interesting, if the data is available, to normalize this by exposure. Of the people that saw an image, how many clicked "like"?