Under your theory a fair method to price life saving drugs doesn't exist. The person getting the drugs will effectively extract infinite value while the company will only extract a finite value.
Not really true, I'm afraid. People killing themselves (or allowing others to kill them) to ensure a payout to their families happens with some regularity.
2. Usually this happens because they place a higher value on their children's life and well being than their own. So even in the case were someone does place a value on their own life, it's only in relation to someone else's life.
The case of 2 is interesting because it shows that of the people who would accept a finite sum for their own life, very few would accept a finite sum for their chidren's life.
Since paying for the child's healthcare is the responsibility of the parent in a free market, we are back to my previous point that their is no fair free market way to price life saving drugs.
In theory, you could calculate the exact value provided by this drug (under the QALY model).