I have constructed the argument before that if you consider functionality as an asset and code as a liability, you can consider a refactor as retained earnings (or stockholder's/owner's equity, whichever you prefer). Along those lines, refactoring code becomes much more palatable.
I know it's a flawed analogy because refactoring costs money, so it isn't really RE. It did help me answer a question along a similar vein to yours ("...how do you see your balance sheet improving while still being balanced?"); where I was assuming a reduction in liabilities satisfied "...balance sheet improving...".
Instinctively management will try to through more resources at a problem instead of paying off technical debt before it becomes unwieldy.
Data: Any collection of information, bullshit and noise.
Information: Data that has been judged to be true or false through comparison with observed reality at a given point in time.
Bullshit: (1) Data (often a firehose) produced by someone who is indifferent to the truth or falsity of what is being said (2) Data that appears to contain more information than it actually does (3) Noise randomly tagged with truth-values to give it apparent legibility
Noise: The component of data that is neither information nor bullshit and at risk of being prematurely discarded ...
Falsehood: Information that is known to be inconsistent with the observed state of the world.
Truth: Information that is known to be consistent with observed reality at a given time and capable of being unpredictably turned into falsehood by a change in reality in the future.
Illegibility: Information or bullshit that looks like noise to those outside a system, due to the presence of a large amount of metis. (Derived from James Scott).
Metis: A collection of formulas that work to maintain the identity of a system.
Intelligence: The ability to separate bullshit from information.
Belief: Sincere acceptance of the truth or falsity of a piece of information.
Art: the process of creating information starting with bullshit.
Furthermore, both assets and liabilities (including capital) are stock measures. I would consider insight more of a flow than a stock. More specifically, I think it is the process and tools of achieving insights that is the asset. Whether data is part of this asset base is up for grabs, but accountants have not identified any reasonable way to measure it.
"...the light that falls on to your eye, sensory information, is meaningless, because it could mean literally anything. And what's true for sensory information is true for information generally. There is no inherent meaning in information. It's what we do with that information that matters." Beau Lotto
From a very interesting TED presentation.
http://www.ted.com/talks/beau_lotto_optical_illusions_show_h...
And I know I am confusing information with data, but no one has a convincing definition to separate between the two.