More mundanely, see FPGAs. They can be thought of as "computers" (and you can build a von Neumann core on one), but are programmed using different languages (Verilog, VHDL) and a completely different paradigm that involves lots of parallelism.

There have been attempts to force imperative/functional paradigms into FPGAs, but they have not been well-received simply because it doesn't make much sense to do that.