GDS are doing a great job on this in the UK by building a platform for small companies to pre-register as government IT suppliers, covering everything from phone systems to cloud hosting and bespoke software. One of the things I really like about the work they're doing is that one of their performance metrics is increasing the number of small businesses getting government contracts.
In my eyes, it's entirely possible the USDS is and ca be successful because it's new. I think it's (unfortunately) entirely possible that in 10-20 years they will suffer from the same bloat and inertia problems large companies and existing government agencies do. I'm not sure how to combat that, but having a way to revitalize large companies or government agencies without losing too much of the existing internal knowledge and expertise would go a long way towards helping combat this, but I'm not sure what that is. There are probably numerous successful companies that have done this that I'm entirely unaware of, so maybe there is a good amount of information on how to combat this...