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Not really on the anonymity front. I worked for an anti bullying children's charity back in the late noughties and we found that online bullying was often a continuation of real life bullying, and that kids who bullied online (and were generally trollish) were the same kids who did it in real life. Anonymity certainly didn't help a lot of the time, but it wasn't the cause.

Nothing. There's a very common pattern you see in political responses to outrages and tragedies which is: Something terrible has happened. Something must be done. X is something. Therefore X must be done.

It doesn't actually matter what X is, the important thing for the government is to be seen to be doing something. In reality the calls by UK politicians to end online anonymity will fizzle out in a few weeks once the media cycle moves on, as it's not something they can really do without spending an immense amount of time, money and political capital. In the mean time there will be a flurry of articles like this one rehashing debates that have been going on ever since the first troll posted the first comment on a BBS.