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That's not a major factor in this, afaik.

A) you need the new timezone definition available and pushed everywhere regardless. It doesn't matter what zone the RTC uses.

B) For future events, you need a way to manage what happens when the time zone they're scheduled in changes OR when they change to a new time zone. Microsoft has been terrible at this part on every time zone change I've been aware of (it's hard, but it's not this hard, and the Canadian change was published with enough notice to make it work). But there's no connection to the time zone of the RTC here either.

You need 4 officers for 24/7 coverage; one spare, and one manager seems reasonable, iff having a PD is reasonable. Probably makes more sense to make use of the county sherrif rather than having a PD if there's not some issue with the sherrif.

City manager would be in charge of city business (building and occupancy permits, inspections, billing for services, etc), whereas the Mayor (and/or city council) makes the political decisions (setting the policies the manager executes, etc)

It seems a bit silly to be incorporated with less than a thousand people, but I don't know the local history. If there's not that much to do, the city manager is likely part time, and the mayor probably does mayoral stuff a couple times a month. (Quick monthly meeting + maybe show up to a community event or three)

Re:Can't fish Ethernet? Use "invisible" fiber instead on Monday November 02, 2026 @06:21PM (#50345579)
I don't use sfp+ modules for twisted pair... It didn't cost anymore to get nics and switches with the ports I need vs sfp+ and transceivers; although there's a lot fewer switches to choose from. 30 meters feels like a lot for most homes. 10g-base-T spec calls for 100m on cat6a and 55m on cat6. Running on cat5(e) isn't to spec, but largely works in a home environment where you tend not to have to deal with a lot of crosstalk from dense conduit.

And the benefit is I didn't have to run new cable. Lots of homes have some twisted pair in the wall, very few have fiber in the wall. Homes from the late 90s on probably have cat5 for phone lines.

Re:Can't fish Ethernet? Use "invisible" fiber instead on Monday November 02, 2026 @05:52PM (#50345184)
10G on twisted pair isn't too bad either. Used enterprise NICs are cheap on eBay. New low cost cards are available, too (still costs more than used gear, but if you want lower power or multigig, it's worth a look). Switches aren't so cheap, but IMHO, 10g-baseT is comparable to sfp+ and a transceiver on each end.

Obviously, if something is wrong with your existing cabling, 10g-base-t is probably not going to work either. 10G is probably the limit for twisted pair, but I think it'll hold up as a reasonable speed for a long time.

Re:Show HN: I've updated my Linux System Call website and API on Monday November 02, 2026 @04:46PM (#50344291)
Well, from a quick look, Linux has dup/dup2/dup3 and clone/clone2/clone3 . I don't see anything that took 4, but there are things like accept/acccept4 and where the second one takes four arguments and wait4 which takes 4 arguments, but wait3 was already obsolete before Linux or FreeBSD started numbering syscalls. (I'm lazy and only looking on systems I have)

It's not some Linux specific issue either. FreeBSD has three versions of statfs/fstatsfs/truncate/ftruncate.

A lot of the file related syscalls also have a XXXXat (ex: open/openat) variant taking a directory reference instead of using cwd.

Re:We halved DNS build delay and cut memory use by 85% on Monday November 02, 2026 @12:22PM (#50340197)
> I imagine a renewal is a change event to, at least change the expiry, and renewals are constantly happening.

A domain renewal is an update at the registry, but there's no update in DNS at any level. If a domain expires, it would be removed (or at least changed) in the TLD DNS, but the authoritative DNS for the domain wouldn't necessarily update... it would just become orphaned.

Re:The Megadonors Who Have Poured $1.2B into the Midterms on Monday November 02, 2026 @12:41AM (#50333497)
You could just tax political donations or political ads. I'd suggest 50% federal tax, 25% state tax, and 25% local tax.
Re:Surviving "The Graduate" on Sunday November 01, 2026 @09:45PM (#50332531)
> I think maybe the confusion is that I’m an American of South Asian descent. My parents immigrated to the United States a few decades ago from South Asia. To me all these people just look like white people and I can’t really tell how they would look ethnic or different aside from maybe hair color.

Yeah, I can understand the confusion from your perspective. You don't have the context. The US has a broad history of discrimination.

In 2026, there's a lot less. In the 1960s it was still common for country clubs (fancy golf courses and social clubs, more or less) to prohibit Jewish people from joining; this was an issue at some clubs even into the 1990s.

(Since you brought up Italians), Italians were also discriminated against in the US, but more in the 1800s and early 1900s; by the 1960s, Italians were largely integrated, although as many were/are Catholic, they would be excluded from 'WASP' - White Anglo Saxon Protestant. Around the same time that Italians faced a lot of discrimination, Irish did too, as they were also largely Catholic.

If you're familiar with redlining as a discrimination practice, to give you an idea of popular discrimination targets, Wikipedia says:

> Redlining has mostly been directed against African Americans, as well as Mexican Americans in the Southwestern United States, Jewish Americans, and Italian Americans

But that's not an exclusive list of discrimantion targets, just those that were large enough to target when home lending started getting more organized.

You also had racial covenants prohibiting selling land to non-whites, where that would exclude African Americans, most Asians, often Jewish people, maybe Hispanics and Italians and Irish. Those were made void in 1968, but it takes time and effort to remove them from deeds, so you might run into them.

Re:When electric cars were for women on Sunday November 01, 2026 @08:12PM (#50331814)
> There really ought to be a standard battery form factor for EVs...

Seems unlikely to happen since the battery is part of a space optimization problem.

Maybe as battery technology matures, the benefits of a set of standarized sizes will win over per-model (sometimes per-trim) sizes.

But we used to have standardized headlights and those went away, so I don't have much hope.

> All of them I've encountered take a very standard 12V lead-acid battery - the same one that's inside consumer UPS units - and you can get replacements from a dozen brands on Amazon and other vendors.

There's about 70 different sizes for these standard 12V lead-acid batteries though. And most of my consumer UPS units hide the battery behind a security screw and don't list the battery size in the docs. If the battery was removed and not replaced, it's harder than it should be to find a new one.

> You put the battery in the RC and have a battery maintenance schedule. They do that today: the CO battery is just for phones within a few miles of the CO, so rural setups use distributed batteries.

I don't know for sure about POTS, because the pricing was prohibitive, but my local telco certainly did not use batteries at the remote terminal to keep ADSL online... when utility power dropped, ADSL dropped instantly, even when the outages were under 10 seconds.

My local wireless telcos provide about 4-8 hours of wireless after utility power drops. Not great, but better than what I got from ADSL + voip.

Re:Surviving "The Graduate" on Sunday November 01, 2026 @01:14PM (#50328105)
> Why does it matter if the author is Jewish? He mentions it multiple times as if that fact would make himself unfitting to be the lead in the movie…

Perception on this has shifted quite a bit. Today, I don't know that this would be an issue (but maybe I'm wrong). In the early days of Hollywood, Jewish people tended to work behind the scenes and not as leading characters. In the 1960s things were changing.

> > optical communication for artificial intelligence (AI) data transmission.

> if the Company is suggesting it out of pure hype of AI mania.

IMHO, this is pretty transparently r&d for better? data transmission attached to the trend of the day that does a lot of data transmission. Where better is higher bandwidth, lower cost, etc.

AI is the current trendy thing, but better data transmission will always have applications.

> If most of the UPS units in a country do that exactly every minute, synchronized by NNTP,

Thankfully, usenet usage is way down, so we won't need to worry about this. ;p

It's all fun and games until the EC locks up.

Have had it happen on the Essential Phone and my MIL's Chromebook (don't remember the model). At least with the Chromebook, you can open it with a screwdriver and pull the battery. Better than waiting however many days for the battery to fully die so the EC resets.

Re:Fair Use Benefits Everyone on Friday October 30, 2026 @10:59PM (#50312817)
> Plenty of large businesses depend on fair use to avoid copyright lawsuits, including any tech company that hosts any kind of content (YouTube, Reddit, Meta).

Those companies don't rely on fair use. They rely on the DMCA. There's an agreement with the user for use of content where the user controls the rights, and anything that users upload where someone else controls the rights, DMCA protects the site as long as they follow the procedures.

Re:Commodore 1600 VICmodem on Friday October 30, 2026 @01:57PM (#50307728)
Pulse dialing is not sound (although you certainly can hear it), it's the phone circuit closing and opening. This modem plugs into a modular handset connector for a phone, that's after the hook switch and the duplex, so it's got two lines for microphone and two for speaker, and it can't hang up the line, so it can't pulse dial.

It could potentially do tone dialing, but that does need more hardware. A modern telephone modem is basically 8-bit 8000Hz PCM and DSP algorithms, but an 300 baud modem uses 4 fixed frequencies (from wikipedia):

> The originating station used a mark tone of 1,270 Hz and a space tone of 1,070 Hz.

> The answering station used a mark tone of 2,225 Hz and a space tone of 2,025 Hz.

DTMF dialing needs 7 different frequencies and you have to generate two frequencies at once. You might also want to detect dialtone which fully standardized in the 80s and anyway is a different set of frequencies.

Even if you had tone dialing, a lot of people had lines without tone dialing in the 80s, so it's going to be a fringe feature ... and if you already have to manually pick up the phone, because the modem lacks a hook switch and a duplex, might as well also dial the phone manually too.

Re:If IPv4 Were Land on Friday October 30, 2026 @01:38AM (#50300228)
Early bad experiences made a lot of people reluctant to try again.

There's a lot of edge cases to bite people still.

That said, something like 50% of users have working v6 now, which helps to file down the edges. Growth of v6 in the last 10 years has been much more significant than the previous 10 years. I suspect the next 10 years will be pretty significant, too.

I don't think many organizations are in a position to force adoption though.

You have mandates from say US government for government services and vendors and similar in some other countries. Some countries can force it through strong regulations on equipment sales. And then there's Jio (and maybe other ISPs) that have significant market power in some locales and a significant lack of v4 resources and can strongly encourage vendors and partners to support v6 for better service to users on their network.

Re:If IPv4 Were Land on Friday October 30, 2026 @01:33AM (#50300201)
If you're willing to jump through hoops, you might want to check if it's still possible to setup an EIN and a new SMB T-Mobile 5G internet and get a static ipv4 for a small charge per month.

Personally, I had major issues with the 5g wan equipment and my network as well as a snafu with ordering... Sales rep put in the order for a static ip with a ssn based SMB account, but that got removed during provisioning and couldn't be added back. (And then billing issues because the account didn't get cancelled properly, either)

Re:If IPv4 Were Land on Friday October 30, 2026 @01:26AM (#50300162)
Sure, but if they're a new ISP, chances are they have a hard time getting IPv4 and they likely run CGNAT. If they run CGNAT, the benefit of IPv6 is there's a lot of high volume traffic that will move to v6 and the CGNAT use will be smaller. Routing v6 packets is much easier than tracking connection states and munging packets...

If they have enough v4 for all their customers, sure fine.

Re:If IPv4 Were Land on Friday October 30, 2026 @01:22AM (#50300132)
Unfortunately, he.net tunnels have terrible reputation, so if you use this for your regular browsing, you're likely to get hit with more captchas than if you're on a cgnat with well behaved neighbors. Some sites will just not work, with no errors, because why waste errors on networks with bad reputation.

It wasn't always like this, but it was for me the last time I tried.

Cars are often sold. If everyone knows that nobody will buy it in 15 years, the person buying it in 12 years will pay less, which means the person buying in 9 years pays less, etc, so the person buying new doesn't recoup as much and has less to spend on a replacement.
Re:Tailscale SSH: Investigation and remediation update on Wednesday October 28, 2026 @04:55PM (#50280779)
> Not even traffic patterns will give you up in the age of ubiquitous websockets and/or http2 streams.

SSH is dead simple to detect, because the server sends an outbound greeting in ASCII text; and the client doesn't send anything until it gets the greeting. The binary protocol does not look like a TLS stream at all either.

> "you're not an engineer, engineers are licensed"

I always come back with "you're not an engineer, engineers wear stripey hats"

If you're in texas, you need a license to engineer. They're reasonable though and accept the reality of business card engineers.
Elections certainly have consequences, and I wish acting outside constitutional scope had consequences, too. (maybe this specific issue is within scope or there is a reasonable question about it, but so many other issues seem unreasonably out of scope, IMHO)
I don't know any of the details, but dram is basically a whole lot of bits and and each bit is one capacitor and one transistor.

In the diagram for 8F Squared, there's a capacitor at every other junction between word lines and bit lines. If the lines (and inter line spacing) are 2F wide, you have one bit in a 2Fx4F rectangle, or one bit per 8F squared.

In the diagram for 6F Squared, there's a capacitor at every bit line on every other word line. If the lines (and inter line spacing) are 2F wide, you have one bits in each 2Fx3F Rectangle, or one bit per 6F squared. (I guess the word lines without bits are needed for spacing or to drive the transistor or maybe it's just illustration and doesn't mean much)

In the diagram for 4F Squared, there's a transistor at every bit line on every word line. Now you have a bit in every 2Fx2F square, or one bit per 4F Squared.

If you can make dram in all three styles with the same F, 4F squared is twice the density as 8F squared. If the F doesn't hold constant, it's squishier, of course.

Re:Oldest GUI application that still runs on Windows 11 on Tuesday October 27, 2026 @11:23AM (#50260732)
NT prereleases started in 1991

https://winworldpc.com/product/windows-nt-3x/nt-os-2

I was not really active in computing back then, so I don't know how widely distributed these releases were, but NT was clearly gestating longer than Win32s.

Re:Oldest GUI application that still runs on Windows 11 on Tuesday October 27, 2026 @11:03AM (#50260450)
> The software analogies to books (documents of various types like PDF, HTML) don't have pathological obsolescence problems, either.

It kind of depends on the document format. PDF tends to display well over time (but there can be issues with complex documents and/or missing fonts), spreadsheets and word processor files are likely to be openable, but they may not display as they originally did. HTML is likely to look rather different than it did when written, but it'll probably be legible.

> scaling existing process makes more sense than investing more in research.

It doesn't sound like they've stopped investing in research in general. Just one specific area.

"We've been working on this for decades and can't figure out how to commercialize it, so we're going to try different things" is a healthy result, even if other companies got different results.

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