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throaway230831

I stand corrected: in case of Caesar, it was already hereditary in his family.

Initially, it was more of a nickname or even an earned name, like with Caesars contemporary Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognomen

Gaius (also written Caius) was his given name, Ivlivs (Julius) the family name, Caesar the cognomen.

In inscriptions (short): CAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR

In speaking he would (in English;)) rather formally introduce himself as "Gaius of the Iulii, called Caesar".

His mother called him Gaius, his peers called him Caesar once he got or choose?) this name.