scottmmjackson
Separately, I'm also a licensed (non-practicing) attorney; despite that, this isn't legal advice.
Some of the things you've said are correct, but are kind of skipping a few important steps.
Buyout: Any corporate buyout, particularly of a Delaware corporation, opens the board up to scrutiny and requires the consent of the corporate constituency. In JJ's presentation he cited Revlon which is an example of a dispute over a buyout by a major shareholder. So, yes, technically benefit corporations can be bought out, but they must approve of the buyout using the corporate governance rules of a benefit corporation.
Converting to a benefit corporation isn't easy- you pretty much require unanimous shareholder consent and it's fairly close to the amount of consensus you need to convert to a pure nonprofit. Same with converting back to an "any lawful business purpose" corporation. So again, yes it's possible, but it's very unlikely unless something convinces basically everyone with a stake that it's worthwhile.
I'm not sure where you're getting that PBC status is not legally binding- I didn't see anything like that in the Harvard link. Corporate purpose statements have a very real legal effect. Would you mind explaining more about this statement? I want to make sure I'm not mistaken.
Note that the article you cite was written a year before the Delaware Benefit Corporation Law was signed by the governor- so some of the things it says might be a little speculative based on the legal realities at the time.
If you want to learn more in depth, I can recommend "Benefit Corporation Law & Governance" by Frederick Alexander.
> oldPlus <- `+`
> `+` <- function(e1, e2) {
+ if (is.character(e1) && is.character(e2))
+ paste(e1,e2,sep="")
+ else
+ oldPlus(e1,e2)
+ }
> "hello" + "world"
[1] "helloworld"The difference kind of goes to the fundamental difference between R and Python. R's nature as a statistical programming language is something you have to install packages in python to achieve: numpy, matplotlib, etc.
What you gain with RStudio are environment inspection tools[1] built for the kind of vectors, data frames, etc. that you'd only get with `numpy` in Python land, and therefore PyCharm and VS don't know about (or would need a plugin to know about). Same goes for the plot viewer and `matplotlib`.
Beyond that, a sizeable portion of RStudio's runtime is written in R itself; you can actually write addins for the IDE using R, as opposed to PyCharm where you'd have to know Java or Kotlin, and I assume VS where you'd be required to use .NET.
It's always going to come down to "what is the best tool _for the job_?" Knowing people who use python for data science, they don't seem to indicate to me that they're particularly fond of PyCharm (which is what I'd use for Python if it's too big a project to effectively grok in VIM). They tend to use Jupyter notebooks (not even iPython!) because more important than static inspection and quality tools (which devs care about) is a richly-featured REPL that saves detailed history forever (which a researcher cares about).
https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-fortran
And no, neural networks aren't suitable for discrete problems.
It's unconstitutional for many reasons, one of which is that the executive has no authority to block the entry of legal visa and green card holders without due process.
And yes, it deals a massive blow to the rule of law and faith in the stability of the nation when legal visitors and immigrants are blocked from entry due to an arbitrary dictate from POTUS.
However, in b2b use cases where SEO isn't an issue, SPA frameworks are ideal for coordinating a static-site<->dynamic-api system.
There are also laws that give financial institutions due diligence obligations to ensure they're not facilitating "unsanctioned boycotts".
Your employer will not take care of you. It is your job as an employee to make sure they meet you halfway.
You have some players who have honed their advertising strategy for years to try to get the biggest bang for their buck- and they're willing to pay to have professionals work out how to hone it further.
You also have unheard-of locals who have pinstriped sales reps telling them about how much money they're going to make if they buy this billboard or phone book page, and agencies paying big bucks to get the pinstripiest, salesiest representatives to the right suckers as efficiently as possible.
Then there's everything in-between for all the people who are in way over their heads but want to at least imitate the ones who are doing it right.
Free Speech doesn't really factor into a huge portion of what you see from the FDA, FTC, SEC, CFPB, and hundreds of state-level organs focused on regulating deceptive business practices.