rcollyer

It's a set of rewrite rules with infinite outlook, i.e. a term will continue to be evaluated (rewritten) until it no longer changes. There are some limits to prevent recursion (4096 iterations is the typical limit), alongside ways to infer what the endpoint will be (again to combat infinite recursion). Alongside that, everything in the language is an expression, i.e. subject to rewrite rules. A function, then, just defines a rewrite rule, a constant (e.g. Pi) does the same with higher precedence than the functions, etc. So, a function can return another expression that is then evaluated until it no longer changes. For example, Sin[1] does not evaluate by default as it is exact while it's floating point representation is not, but Sin[0] does. Oh, the language is also homo-iconic, like Lisp, so that data and code are indistinguishable. I found that to be the hardest mental hurdle in understanding how wl functions.

The kernel (WolframEngine) was built with c, and some parts like the image processing functions are built using c++. The front end (notebook interface) is c++ and some objective-c. A lot of core functionality is built using wolfram language that is loaded as needed. Similarly, the paclets (plug-ins) can be built using any language that has a WSTP interface available, but largely this is wolfram language and c++ and occasionally java, but that is being phased out. A lot of the functionality now lives in the paclets as they can be updated/fixed easily.

Since there's only two states, it is definitely "Ising".

The constitution is remarkably vague about all manner of things. So, the argument that the "expansion of the government beyond what the Constitution allows" is really difficult to support on a textualist basis. What exactly did you have in mind?

You're ignoring the 9th amendment: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people." Essentially, the bill of rights was not intended to be exhaustive, nor could it be.

They do breed with each other: a-males mate with b-females, and vice versa, where a/b is the new sex gene.

Another method for checking your understanding is to work through the worked out problems in the book and any proofs it may have, too. (Most of the value in a proof is in the techniques used to prove the result.) Work through them yourself, trying to understand each step, and attempt to do the problems in the same way. At first, justify each step you take, don't try to skip the "obvious" steps. Again, this isn't a perfect substitute for an instructor, but it can go a long way towards your goal.

My eldest in some ways skipped the "why" stage. "How" was a much more important question to him. Although, he did ask his mother once why the sun was on fire, but she passed him off to me on. Because his questions were often complex, and outside of my expertise, I would often say, "I don't know", usually followed by, "we can look it up, though".

Only the helium nucleus is formed as part of the fusion reaction, so it starts off being positively charged, and not later stripped of its electrons. That, in principle, creates a current which can be used almost directly.

I interviewed a guy who's masters work was in the field I did my doctoral work in. I think I'm the only one in the company who knows anything about the particular topic, and considering that the role was far removed from that topic, it was a very unlikely coincidence. However, when discussing his research, he mostly missed the mark. It wasn't enough to sink his application as at the masters level I wouldn't expect him to know it nearly as well as I do, and he was ultimately hired. But, you never know who you're talking to.

As a QA dev, myself, I run across this occasionally. For a recent bug, the dev couldn't reproduce it, yet I could consistently. The difference: the width the window we were using; he was using the default, I was not. Most of the bugs I run into are not config dependent, so it is always surprising when one is.

The personal exemption is incorrect. It doesn't add the children into the total (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf), but you can enter it by hand. Also, Student Loan Interest is an above the line deduction (line 33 on 1040), i.e. you can deduct it regardless of whether or not you itemize.