coldspoon95
That way we can use it with whatever agents we each use.
I propose calling it TIGO(Time Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) ;-)
If the profit incentives are there(which there are as higher EROI = lowest cost per kWh), then it is a race to who can provide the product(energy) at the lowest cost more reliably.
Government unfortunately has a monopoly here as traditional reactors had proliferations concerns, needed much large capital, and political will. But if reactors can be modular and costs low that a city could afford it, then you can also have decentralized reactors just like you have with solar.
So to scale, for each GW of solar, you’ll need a GW of storage plus the energy reserve to take through the night. Can’t rely on wind here as that’s also intermittent.
And grid storage is energy intensive and sets up twisted incentives for those playing to get rich with energy arbitrage. Think solar farm generators owning their own grid storage and reducing solar output to sell at higher $ from storage. Because, with intermittent sources pricing has to be more dynamic.
Nuclear today has high costs associated to it due to uncertainty in permitting, high upfront costs due to red-tape, annd archaic regulations that stifle any innovation. These make risk management prohibitively expensive as is the cost of insuring them. If the catastrophic rate of failure and associated deaths are far far smaller than what’s generally accepted in society(think fatalities due to vehicle accidents), then we must work to removing the red-tape to ease construction of these. They’re also far more green to operate.
This way, we can keep solar for residential, and for industries to offset their own use(think data centers investing in their own energy supply instead of paying others. Think on-premise vs off-premise).
It takes roughly 400kWh of energy to make a 1 sq-mtr of solar panels. And one can hope to get, at best 15x that over its life. And that’s being generous, without accounting for batteries to stabilize the grid at night. For reference, oil and gas return anywhere between 50-80x for the energy spent in drilling and distilling them.
Nuclear (boiling water or pressure water reactors) yield about 150-200x and are amazing as base loads. Next generation molten salt reactors (thorium based) yield over 1000x the energy spent in mining, refining, and bringing to critical. These reactors also burn about 98% of all fissile material, can consume nuclear waste, and yield isotopes for medical purposes. They work at atmospheric pressure(no risk of blowing up), and grid follow well as they work at 550degC which is great for energy conversion.
China achieved thorium reactor criticality in 2023 and is pouring large sums of money to scale this up. Whereas, we’re being primitive here despite creating the technology in Oak Ridge National Labs in the 80s.
Solar is a joke, and while it works for residential, I don’t understand how we assume it be the solution for true nation building.
China literally is making energy so cheap, farmers are installing air-conditioning for pig sheds to keep their bacons cool during the summer. Needless to say, cheap energy will power the next AI boom, and lift the poor and middle class up. And we’re toying with dumb tech like cavemen here.
Our genome hasn’t evolved much since the last 150,000yrs meaning that all faculties have been the same for ancient man. What we’ve effectively achieved in 2000yrs must’ve been replicated a few times in history. Even if the silicon age never came, it is likely man had strong agriculture, pottery, understanding of nature, evolution of animals(wolves were effectively bred into dog companions 40,000yrs ago), etc that would’ve surely lead to vast amounts of knowledge being gathered. And with high CO2 concentrations, it is likely that agriculture produce and access to energy(coal, firewood, nutrition, etc) was abundant to support fairly complex civilization that could support occupational specializations.
There’s evidence across the world in anthropologic, natural history and other evidence left behind. However, the full interpretation lies behind a series of walls of resets where we can only guess, but not fully understand the context of how things were. Imagine a 10,000yrs from now, someone finds a portion of a fossilized city dump with no direct access or lineage from present day. There’s not much that can be gleaned of things there. And some of these events are so catastrophic that they move oceans/atmospheric currents at supersonic speeds and cover large swathes of land under miles of slurry.