aktiur
Fortunately, wide and narrow builds were abandonned in Python 3.2, with a new way of representing strings : current Python will use ASCII if there's no non-ASCII char, UCS-2 –UTF-16 without surrogate pairs — if there is no codepoint higher than U+FFFF, and UTF-32 else.
See this article for a good overview of the history of strings in Python : https://tenthousandmeters.com/blog/python-behind-the-scenes-...
`bytes.decode` (and `str.encode`) have used UTF-8 as a default since at least Python 3.
However, the default encoding used for decoding the name of files use ` sys.getfilesystemencoding()`, which is also UTF-8 on Windows and macos, but will vary with the locale on linux (specifically with CODESET).
Finally, `open` will directly use `locale.getencoding()`.
No, what was used was what sys.getdefaultencoding(), which was already UTF-8 in 3.1 (I checked the source code).
At that time, the format used for representing `str` objects in memory depended on if you used a "narrow" (UTF-16) or "wide" (UTF-32) build of Python.
Fortunately, wide and narrow builds were abandonned in Python 3.2, with a new way of representing strings : current Python will use ASCII if there's no non-ASCII char, UCS-2 –UTF-16 without surrogate pairs — if there is no codepoint higher than U+FFFF, and UTF-32 else. But that did not exist in 3.1, where you could either use the "narrow" build of python (that used UTF-16) or the "wide" build (that used UTF-32).
See this article for a good overview of the history of strings in Python : https://tenthousandmeters.com/blog/python-behind-the-scenes-...
You got it kind of backwards. `str` are sequence of unicode codepoints (not UTF-8, which is a specific encoding for unicode codepoints), without reference to any encoding. `bytes` are arbitrary sequence of octets. If you have some `bytes` object that somehow stands for text, you need to know that it is text and what its encoding is to be able to interpret it correctly (by decoding it to `str`).
And, if you got a `str` and want to serialize it (for writing or transmitting), you need to choose an encoding, because different encodings will generate different `bytes`.
As an example :
>>> "évènement".encode("utf-8")
b'\xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa8nement'
>>> "évènement".encode("latin-1")
b'\xe9v\xe8nement'
It makes sense when you have a small team of people that know the project very well to record everything, and they can easily maintain stringent standards, like never committing anything that breaks the tests.
Whereas for a big project that involve thousands of people mailing patches around, some of them first time contributors, you'd rather make sure that what ends up in the immutable log has is clean enough.
I would say that's basically how addiction manifests itself: even if you know that you're dealing with substance abuse, come on, one more time won't matter, will it?
And then there's also the comfort aspect: you're getting back from a hard day's work, you're feeling tired and cranky, you do deserve something nice, don't you?
N.B.: I'm not saying that not being able to drop the book or stop playing that game IS addiction, just that substance addiction might feel the same way.
N.B. 2:And I'm not talking here about the medical aspects of withdrawal, because that's not the thing an addict would usually experience (withdrawal would only happen because you're trying to stop or cannot get access to the substance you need).
If none is still being generated, there should not be any significant quantity left considering it has a half-life of only 8 days.
Because half of the general male population is criminal, of course.
The accuracy rate would be very different with a training/testing sample that takes the base rate of criminality into account.
* the 6 jurors (9 in appeal) decide the case alongside 3 professional judges whose influence is often decisive during the jury's deliberation (and in any case they always carry 3 votes)
* there's no need for an unanimous decision: 6 votes are necessary for any conviction (8 in appeal)
In the Numba case, you're basically modifying the image in place: it means no allocating a new array, no full copying. However, your pure-numpy code basically creates a new array (the result of np.dot) before copying it back entirely in image.
If you write the two functions so that they both return a new numpy array and do not touch the original one, the time difference drops from 4 times faster to 2.5 times faster. That's still an impressive difference, but at the loss of a bit of flexibility.
https://gist.github.com/aktiur/e1cddee8f699ded49824
N.B.: numpy.dot does not use broadcasting, i.e. it does not allocate a temporary array to extend the smaller one. The function handles n-dimensional arrays by summing on the last index of the first array, and on the second last of the second array.
res = np.dot(im, M.T)
All of this may seem hard to understand from a foreign perspective, but you have to realize that numerous rules apply to cultural industries in France. For example, channels must respect a minimum ratio of French movies and series in their programming. They also have an obligation to invest 3 % of their turnover in funding european and French movies. Thus, these French actors feel that Netflix's foreign status allows it to escape these obligations and they resent what they see as an unfair competition.
- there is a stringent legal regime ("media chronology") that sets compulsory delays for publishing a movie on alternative mediums after it has got into theatres : publishers have to wait 4 months to get DVDs out, free TV channels won't be able to screen the movie before 30 months, and VOD subscription services have to wait 36 months (!)
- Moreover, exclusivity on the national territory is a common practice for TV series, and a lot of the popular ones have been sold to major TV channels. Ironically, Netflix had already signed such a contract with Canal+, a French channel, for its signature series House of Cards, which is thus not available on the French version of Netflix !
http://blog.historyofphonephreaking.org/2011/01/the-greatest...
Any system can be proven secured by such a contest if you limit acceptable attacks to the parts where you know the system is the strongest... but a real attacker will always aim at the weakest part.
This is a hoax. The article reproduced there does exist though: it was published in an artificial intelligence journal in 1985 and made no reference to NASA, except for the fact that the author worked at the NASA Ames Research Center. You can find it there: http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/46...
A quick search on internet for "sanskrit nasa" shows that all occurences are either copies, extracts or translations of this article taken out of its context. The belief that NASA has used sanskrit seems to come from this internet echo chamber.
I could find no reference about it on any NASA website, nor any other articles written by this Rick Briggs. I was able to find only one other article on sanskrit and AI, quoting the one by Briggs, dated to 1987: http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~srihari/papers/KRIS87.pdf
In this case, the fine was pronounced by an independent administrative authority in charge of the regulation of financial markets. No judge was involved in the sentencing.
It is not so much about free speech: the two guys have been fined for publishing incorrect information about the financial situation of a bank. It is more about financial regulation than free speech. I'm not so familiar with american law, but I'm pretty sure you got related situations (for example concerning the handling of sensitive financial information, or insider trading, etc.)
Disregarding the question of the reality of what they've been accused of, the fine against Mish is illegal considering the right of defendants to translation and an interpretor has not been respected. This decision will be very probably striken down by any real judge that get her hands on this case.
Basically, if he appeals, it will very probably be overturned by a proper judge. Another AAI in charge of the regulation of the telecommunications sector got striken badly by a decision of our Constitutionnal court (no less) which suppressed its power to pronounce sanctions, judging the protection of the rights of defence was not effective. It's going to end the same way here I would say.
"TL;DR “Why There Are No Women on Twitter’s Board, and So Few in Technology” was a really shitty article and as a community we should strive for higher quality writing and thinking."
I think he's right, and articles like the one posted yesterday are really damaging and only serves to reinforce stereotypes.
SFR is one of the three big mobile phone networks in France.