Mikeb85
Yes that's the number I found WITHOUT accounting for mining the materials... Just manufacturing the battery.
> Electrolysers also require mining, as do fuel cells, as does any source of heat for reverse gas shift or similar.
Yes but there's far less of those materials required than the sheer amount of battery cells being produced for automobiles.
> Hydrogen (or rather hydrogen derived molecules) are a viable method of seasonal storage, but that doesn't mean most of the hype doesn't exist to greenwash gas or that your talking points aren't propaganda.
Greenwash gas? The whole point of hydrogen is to create it using renewable sources of energy... The whole problem with renewables is storing the energy since they don't produce reliable baseline energy. Hydrogen accomplishes that.
They run on diesel, are easy to operate and close to Ukraine.
Coal production is terrible and I'll never support it.
Hmmm, 500,000 litres of water per ton of lithium. Electrolysis required to create lithium metal. Plus the required dirt being moved, water being moved, energy for electrolysis, etc...
Sounds very energy efficient...
/s
So energy to mine the materials, energy to assemble the battery, energy to recycle the battery after it's useful lifespan (5-10 years)... None of these are ever counted in people's calculations. I tried to find data on energy required to produce the batteries and they still didn't count the mining cost.
I'd wager that hydrogen is more energy efficient over the entire lifespan of a vehicle.
I mean, there's like 1000 Protestant sects and they're all seperate so good luck, but the vast majority don't recognize writings of saints...
Here's a nice article explaining what the early church fathers got wrong from an evangelical perspective: https://bible.org/article/theology-adrift-early-church-fathe...
Just go to any Evangelical or American Protestant heavy website and see how they treat writings that aren't scripture...
Protestants basically ignore that there's a TON of writings from the early church.
Even slightly later writings like John Climacus are still much, much closer to the time of Jesus and the early church than the reformation is, nevermind modern times.
Hahaha are you fucking serious. It's written there. There's also Google.
> It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language. This view is false and especially the latter statement is a product of Russian nationalism. Ukrainians can understand Russian better than the other way around, but this is complicated by very heavy bilingual learning on the part of Ukrainians. Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to measure, as Russian is widely spoken as a second language in Ukraine, and even if they don't speak it, Ukrainians have massive exposure to the language. The situation of Russian in Ukraine is similar to the role of Czech in Slovakia. Most Ukrainian speakers who do not speak Russian are in Canada. These speakers say they do not understand Russian at all. Therefore, inherent Ukrainian-Russian intelligibility may be much lower than as generally thought, and the higher numbers from Ukrainians in Ukraine must be due to bilingual learning and heavy exposure to Russian. The best place to study the inherent MI of these languages is among Ukrainian speakers in Canada, and the figures from there suggest that Ukrainian inherent intelligibility of Russian is close to zero.
Anyhow there's a significant amount of Ukrainian speakers in Canada who immigrated from before WWI through WW2. The study cites them since there's the only large Ukrainian-speaking group that isn't exposed to the Russian language.
Anyhow you're obviously just a Russian troll with too much time. Your sources don't show what you think they show and all you can do it repeat insults.
Also maybe read the section on the Russian language - lots of Turkic, French and German loan words. Only 10% of the same vocabulary as Ukrainian...
You do realize that Russian propaganda and various Slavic family language "trees" claim Ukrainian came from Russian, right? Thanks for proving my point.
> False. Previously cited, non-representative, examples point to varying degrees of the mutual intelligibility amongst Czech, Polish, Russian, Slovakian and Ukranian. Intellligibility hovers at the 50% level at least. So, no, it is not zero. You are yet to provide a single credible example other than handwaving and vacuous references to a pub style banter.
Did you even read my source? Obviously not.
It controls for the fact many of those subjects were taught Russian in school skewing results and controls for this by selecting populations with no education in Russian.
> Namely, that «ОУКРАИНА» and «ВКРАИНА» mean [at] «the fringe», «outskirts» or «the edge» (i.e. «окраїна»). You have provided no credible sources to back up your counterpoints so far.
You're literally proving my point because neither of those words are the same word as Україна...
Why not both? Let's face it, the Russian world is shit. Both in terms of freedom and prosperity. Everyone wants freedom and prosperity, calling Ukrainians "greedy" for it is simply insulting.
> There is no evidence that Russia wants to reassert itself over eastern Europe
Just listen to what the Russians actually say... That's the evidence, they say it themselves that they want to reassert their rule over everything that was previously "Russian".
When they found a Ukrainian population that hadn't been given education in Russian mutual intelligibility was next to zero. And Ukrainian and Russian split around 800 years ago...
From: https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_L...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_of_Ukraine
On the name, including various discussions about the meaning of "Kraj".
There's a massive corpus of commentary written from ~400-100 AD, nevermind 1500...
They also threw out books of the Bible that everyone used for the better part of 1500 years.
Jews have the Talmud and other commentaries, Muslims have hadiths, Orthodox and Catholic Christians have centuries of commentaries by saints, similarly Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism and others all have many supporting texts, not just a single canonical one.
Yet Protestant Americans are looking for a "perfect" translation so that they can magically understand a text that was never meant to be a single text interpreted on its own.
There was far more concerted Russification of Ukraine than Polish-ification...
The Ukrainian language is the Ukrainian language, what's spoken in the east is considered a Creole that's a combination of Russian and Ukrainian due to, well, centuries of Russification.
> «kraj» has descended from a Proto-Slavic of *krajь. It can mean «region», «country» or «land»,
Obviously. Every second place here is called "X Kraj". Literally the word used for region still.
> O-krajina" that you are citing can mean «fringe» or «edge» but not «borderland».
Okraj literally means border but it doesn't really matter, edge and border are literally the same thing in English. Dunno why you are insinuating it's different.
Language does evolve though, now there's different words (and more words) for edge, border, suburb, periphery, etc...
It's not clear that Kraj on it's own was "edge" or "border" though. Okraj definitely was however
> Moscow was founded in 1147
So I got one date wrong (I was thinking of Moscow's rise as an actual city state post-Mongol yoke, not the date they made a fort in a swamp especially since the first town was completely destroyed by the Mongols) but first mention of "Ukraine" is 1187. Long before the Russian Empire, before the Mongol invasions, long before Moscow was anything more than a small fort.
One year later and Russia still occupies parts of Ukraine, Putin is still in power and while Russia has suffered losses due to their own incompetence, Russia itself has barely suffered (well, anymore than its usual state). Russian oligarchs and the family of Russia politicians are still allowed to live in the west as well...
If China's only consequences would be sanctions, they'll gladly take it since half the world cares only about their own needs and would still trade with them, sacrificing Ukraine, Taiwan and others for cheap goods...
Ukrainian language is closer to Czech and Slovak than to Russian. Ukrainian culture is closer to Polish and Slovak culture than Russian.
> They also share a common political heritage with the name of the country meaning borderland (of Russia)
"Kraj" means land or country. Borderland would be "O-krajina". Meanwhile Ukraine is "U-kraijina". Cyrillic О vs У.
The first historic mention of "Ukrajina" also predates Moscow and the Russian Empire.
And you want to talk democracy, Ukraine has had 5 presidents since Putin came to power. Versus 1 in Belarus and 1.5 in Russia (Medvedev counts as half).
> Now almost a decade later Ukraine is neither in the EU nor NATO and its territory has been ravaged by war.
That was Russia's doing not Ukraine's. This is some serious blame the victim mentality. No one made Russia invade.
And if Ukraine would rather suffer through a war than Russian occupation maybe that should be a sign of just how shitty Russia is...
Sorry but no one wants to be in the Russian world. Telling that your only allies are North Korea and Iran and that Lukashenko has even low-key sabotaged your invasion and refused to directly help...
I'm currently in the Czech Republic and I can tell you, everyone here would go to war before becoming a Russian sattelite again... Since joining the EU, this country has become quite rich. Higher GDP per capita and wages than Portugal. Almost at Spain's level. Versus Russia, Ukraine and Belarus being very poor... As for sentiment on Ukraine, there's Ukrainian flags absolutely everywhere. Ukrainian people too. They're even about to elect a former general and NATO Chairman as president...
And nice art style. It has good vibes for sure.
And then it was they who backtracked when they realised just what kind of social chaos they'd unleashed...
Companies only followed what was happening and statements by government officials.
The parent is the one who made a (misleading) political statement disguised as an innocuous comment, not I.
And what a political agenda, not wanting a democratic country to be destroyed by a dictatorship, especially when I'm currently less than 1000km from Ukraine...
Edit - also their comment is about world instability and very incorrectly attempts to identify the cause of the instability...
Chimps go to war with each other, humans have been doing so since before we were "human". There is literally no point in human history without documented violence.
Wow this is some next level Russian propaganda.
Maybe you meant to say "The world's (supposedly) largest nuclear power invaded their neighbour in an all out war and are continuing to attempt to destroy them 12 months later".
The only one who escalated anything was Russia when they crossed that border. And they can deescalate by simply going back to their own country.