But, tangentially and not in an American context: This currently affects the place where I live.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-Based_Black_Economic_Emp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Economic_Empowerment
It actively rewards companies for hiring non-white individuals (and white individuals are a minority here). Such a company would gain preferential access to government contracts via a "point based" system that influences their choice in employees/owners and suppliers. It's really just a proxy for coercing companies into hiring for quotas rather than actual talent/availability, and for preferring suppliers based on their black-ownership rather than their ability to deliver. This sort of thing spiders-out into the overall economy outside of just government contracts.